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An advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is an integrated system of smart meters, communications networks, and data management systems...
There are two types of electrical current: direct current, or DC, and alternating current, or AC. In an alternating current system, the...
Ampacity is commonly used in place of the formal term ampere capacity and is the maximum amount of current, in amps, that a particular...
Amperes, commonly called amps, are the units used to measure electric current. In an electrical system, the current is determined by...
Ancillary services are the services (other than energy) required by system operators to ensure reliable operation of the electric grid....
Apparent power is the total amount of power supplied to customers on an electrical system and is quantified in units of volt-amps (VA),...
An aquifer is an underground body of rock, sand, or gravel that holds groundwater. In some areas natural aquifers have been converted to...
Area control error, commonly called ACE, is a quantity used in operating bulk electric systems. ACE is defined as the instantaneous...
Some oil wells also produce natural gas along with the oil. The produced gas is called associated-dissolved gas, or more simply,...
Automated meter reading or AMR (also sometimes called automatic meter reading) combines the electronic capabilities of newer solid-state...
AGC is a generator control system that adjusts the real power output of generators in response to control signals from the system...
Backhaul is a contractual transaction where natural gas is moved on a pipeline in the opposite direction of flow. For example, on a...
Users of natural gas are rarely able to forecast exactly how much gas they will need on a given day. Production rates go up and down,...
A balancing authority is the entity responsible for maintaining system frequency for an area comprising a collection of generation,...
A balancing authority area comprises a collection of supply resources, transmission, and loads within metered boundaries for which a...
Baseload demand refers to the minimum constant level of electric demand created by a customer or a group of customers. For a utility or a...
Use of generation is often divided into three categories — baseload, which is generation run all 24 hours of the day; intermediate, which...
Electric battery capabilities are measured in three different ways: Power capacity or power rating: The maximum amount of power that a...
Biomass is renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals and contains stored chemical energy from the sun. Plants produce...
For a generating unit to start up, it must provide excitation power to the rotor. Many units utilize electricity from the grid for this...
